KOPSIDAS

THE TRUE CITY OF JERUSALEM - Part 1.

fig 19. The Villages Karya, Kariotes, Plagia, Kalligoni

fig 15. Angerona, the goddess who protects Rome and its sacred name (Jerusalem)

fig 3. Location of Asteris Island

Today Mount Zion is a hill in Jerusalem Israel. The term Mount Zion is used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David, Jerusalem (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of Jerusalem's Western Hill in Israel. In a wider sense, the term is also used for the entire Land of Israel.

If the ancient city on Lefkas is not Nirikos, then what is it? Let us turn our investigation to the salt flats of Lefkas, as these provide us with a vital clue to this ancient city's name.

Located east, outside the town of Lefkas, and at the foot of Koulmos hill where the ancient city is located are the salt flats of Lefkas.

fig 10. Erichthonius of Athens (Autochthon King of Aegialia Pelasgia-12,000 years ago)

These ancient and natural salt flats supplied a great quantity and quality of salt. The seawater evaporated, leaving the salt on top of the ground. At the end of August, women, i.e., Karyatids, carried the salt on their heads for collection. Salt was valuable in ancient times and was known as "white gold," From Lefkas (Aegialia) salt was shipped all over the ancient world.

fig 4. Using Google Earth one is able to locate the two harbors mentioned by Homer on the island Arkoudi which is the island Asteris.

fig 5. Ancient Building on top of Koulmos

Pliny the Elder also confirms that there was more than one city called Jerusalem (Hierosolyma).

PLINY NATURAL HISTORY. BOOK III. Page 273: Translated by H. RACKHAM.

'the district that formerly contained Jerusalem (Hierosolyma), by far the most famous city of the East and not of Judaea only, and Herodium with the celebrated town of the same name.'

So, Rome has a secret name, and that name is Heirosolyma (Jerusalem). As a consequence, the original Heirosolyma has a secret location, and that secret location is known as Aegialia. In ancient times Lefkas was known as Ithaca and, before that, as Aegialia. (More on the location of Aegialia THE TRUE CITY OF JERUSALEM 'JURISDICTION' PART 2.

The city of Rome, the city of Jerusalem in the Middle East and the Herodium take their name from (H)ieROsolyMA/Hierosalem) the city on Ithaca (Aegialia, known as Lefkas today). What's perplexing in all this is that the ancient historians are silent on this vast ancient city on Lefkas, not a word written has been about it. It's like the ancient city on Lefkas has been struck from the historical record.

This revelation concerning the true location of the original holy city of Jerusalem in Lefkas, i.e., Ithaca, throws some doubt on the validity of the collection of religious texts, writings and the scriptures sacred to the Jews, Christians, Rastafarians, and others. It also questions the validity of Semitic history, i.e., the Jews, Israelites, Hebrews. It throws a spotlight on the European royal families' authority, i.e., that of the the kingdom of Uranus (Ouranos), who call themselves the Catholic Church. By the way, what on earth is a Semitic Abrahamic religion doing in this country in the first place? Why is this place now called Greece when it was first known as Aegilaia and/or Pelasgian?

I believe that the original Holy City of Jerusalem is, in fact, on Lefkas, i.e., Ithaca (Aegialia) and not the Middle East, and the genuine Holy People are the autochthon Aegialian Pelasgians.

When looking at Dörpfeld's map (fig 2. above), keep in mind that the Peloponnese was first called Aegialia, and Hellas was first known as Pelasgian. The original inhabitants of Aegialia Pelasgia were the autochthon Aegialians Pelasgians and not the Hellenes.

Below are the following images: fig 16. Scanned pages of THE ALEXIAD OF ANNA COMNENE. fig 17. Location of Kalligoni, Jerusalem, Salt Pans, and the Village Kariotes. fig 18. A photo of the old city wall of Jerusalem (Ithaca/Aegialia) built by the autochthon Aegialian Pelasgians. fig 19. The Villages Karya, Kariotes, Plagia, Kalligoni. fig 20. Karyatids dancing with a sign “Karya” in the background.

fig 16. Scanned Pages of the Alexiad of Anna Komnene (COMNENA)

fig 13. The word Zion comes from Mount Nion on Lefkas/Ithaca/Aegialia

fig 20. Karyatids dancing with the sign KAPYA (KARYA)

fig 18. Ancient Wall of The Holy City of Jerusalem - Lefkas/Ithaca/Aegialia

In Homer's Odyssey, there is a geographical description of Ithaca and the island Same:

"Now there is a rocky islet called Asteris, of no great size, in mid channel between Ithaca and Same, and there is a harbor on either side of it where a ship can lie, with an entrance on either side. Here then the Achaeans [the suitors] placed themselves in ambush [against Telemakhos]".

There should be at least one rocky island between Ithaca and Same with two harbours. Same should be located South of Homer's Ithaca, where Telemachus would arrive from south-west Peloponnese. Based on the above information, Wilhelm Dörpfeld in his essay "Alt-Ithaka: Ein Beitrag zur Homer-Frage" proposed that Lefkas is Ithaca and Same is present-day Ithaca.

fig 14. Mount Zion in Israel took its name from Mount Nion in Lefkas/Ithaca/Aegialia

The date of the copper Karyatid mirror is said to be around 450-460 B.C. Since the Karyatid mirror is made from copper, it most likely belongs to the Chalcolithic or Copper Age, which is the transitional period between the Neolithic and the Bronze Ages. It is believed to begin around the mid-5th millennium B.C. and ends with the beginning of the Bronze Age proper, in the late 4th to 3rd millennium B.C. The copper Karyatid mirror is exhibited in the Museum of Lefkas.

The Karyatids (Καρυάτιδες) adorne the Karyatid porch of the Erechtheion in Athens. They are sculpted female figures serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on their heads.

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fig 1. You can't see Ithaca from Ather

Now, let us come to the origin of the word Jerusalem. What does the word Jerusalem mean? I will use etymology in my examination of the word Jerusalem. Etymology is the study of the origin of words and the historical development of their meaning, and the following etymologies are from https://www.wiktionary.org.

Here is the etymology of the word Jerusalem, also spelled, Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma or Hierosalem (Hiero+salem). First, I shall give the etymology for the word Hiero used to form the word Hierosalem, Hiero+salem.

Etymology 1. Hiero, etymology borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἱέρων (Hiérōn).
The etymology of the word Ἱέρων, Ancient Greek, etymology From ἱερόν (hierón, "holy place; temple") +‎ -ων (-ōn), the neuter substantive of ἱερός (hierós, "holy," sanctuary).

Here is the etymology of the word salem used to form the word Hierosalem, “Hiero+salem.”

Etymology 1. salem, Latin, Noun, salem, accusative singular of sāl.
The etymology of the word sal, Latin, Etymology, From Proto-Italic *sāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. Cognates include Sanskrit सर (sará), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), Tocharian A sāle, and Old English sealt (English salt). Noun, sāl m (genitive salis); third declension.

salt.

Etymology 2. sal, is from Garo, Noun, sal

sun.

Pythagoras once said: “Salt is born from the purest parents, the sun and the sea.”

The etymology of the word 'ἅλς,'

Etymology 1. ἅλς, Ancient Greek, ἅλς, Etymology From Proto-Hellenic *hāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. Cognates include Sanskrit सलिल (salila), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Latin sāl, and Old English sealt (English salt). Noun ᾰ̔́λς • (háls) m (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension

salt (masculine)
sea (feminine)

The etymology of the word Sea.

Etymology 1. sea, Derived terms: Aegean Sea

The etymology of the word Aegean Sea.

Etymology 1. Aegean Sea, English, Etymology Via Latin Aegaeum mare, from Ancient Greek Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος (Aigaîon pélagos).

The etymology of the words Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος.

Etymology 1. Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος, Ancient Greek, Related terms Αἰγαῖος (Aigaîos, “Aegean”)

The etymology of the word Αἰγαῖος.

Etymology 1. Αἰγαῖος, Ancient Greek Etymology Αἰγεύς (Aigeús, "Aegeus") +‎ -αῖος (-aîos, adjectival suffix). The name might be connected to αἶγες (aîges, "waves"). Aegis-Aegialia-Aegialians.

The word Pelagos (Πέλαγος) means the Sea. The world Pelasgian comes from the word Pelagos (Sea,Salt, Aegis).

So, the word Jerusalem (Hiero+salem) means holy, Temple, sanctuary, Aegialian, Pelasgian, sun, sea, waves, and salt. The Temple or church of Jerusalem is the love and the ecstasy of the Aegialiam Pelasgian people. The whole place of Jerusalem, including oak trees, was a Temple. The Aegialian Pelasgians built buildings for religious worship, also known as temples. They used oak trees as columns for the temple buildings. Marble and other stones replaced the oak in later times. Souls dwell in the columns of these temples. The word "church" is derived from the word εκκλησια (ekklesia), which means assembly. The first church began in Jerusalem, Ithaca (Aegialia) and then went to other parts of Aegialia Pelasgia including Italy, Rome, and Scotland.

There are salt flats located at the foot of the ancient city of Lefkas, i.e., Ithaca, and there is also a temple or sanctuary, along with natural springs. Based on Wilhelm Dörpfeld's attestation, etymological evidence and the location of Jerusalem as purported by Anna Komnene in her book THE ALEXIAD OF ANNA KOMNENE, I believe that the ancient city on Lefkas is the true ancient holy city of Jerusalem.

Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 – 79), called Pliny the Elder, was an author, naturalist, natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire. Pliny the Elder tells us that Rome has a secret name.

PLINY NATURAL HISTORY BOOK III. Page 49:

'and besides all these Rome itself, whose other name it is held to be a sin to utter except at the ceremonies of the mysteries, and when Valerius Soranus divulged the secret religiously kept for the weal of the state, he soon paid the penalty. It seems pertinent to add at this point an instance of old religion established especially to inculcate this silence; the goddess Angerona, to whom sacrifice is offered on December 21, is represented in her statue with a sealed bandage over her mouth.'

The secret name for Rome is Hierosolyma. The name Hierosolyma contains the letters of Roma in sequence: (H)ieROsolyMA). The city of Rome was named after Roma, the daughter of Telemachus, the son of Odysseus and Penelope from Ithaca (Aegialia), and Roma, the daughter of Telemachus, got her name from (H)ieROsolyMA, the city on Ithaca (Aegialia). Roma was a Karyatid, an Aegialian Pelasgian from Hierosolyma, Ithaca (Aegialia). Girls from Karya were considered especially beautiful, strong, and capable of giving birth to strong children. The Aegialian Pelasgians from Ithaca (Aegialia)) was also known as Leleges. The Leleges were autochthones and named after Lelex an autochthon.

About 3 kilometers South of the true ancient city of Jerusalem and two kilometers east of the village Karya is a mountain called Skaron. In ancient times this mountain was called Nion and is one of the most beautiful places on the island. Mount Nion has rare flora, and a forest of unspoiled oak along with impressive geological features. Homer mentions mount Nion in the Odyssey.

HOMER THE ODYSSEY. Translated by Robert Fagles.

'Poised Telemachus answered, filled with heart, the heart Athena herself inspired, to ask for the news about his father, gone so long, and make his name throughout the mortal world. “Nestor, son of Neleus, Achaea’s pride and glory— where are we from, you ask? I will tell you all. We hail from Ithaca, under the heights of Nion.'

In the village of Karya, Lefkas, the women, i.e., Karyatids, perform a traditional dance, where they dance with copper pots on their heads called 'τέντζερεις', emulating the ancient Karyatids. The villages of Karya and Kariotes on Lefkas take their names from the Karyatids. The Karyatids get their name from a nut, in particular, the acorn. The acorn, or oak nut, is the nut of the oaks, and it symbolizes the Aegialian Pelasgianss.

fig 6. Salt flats of Lefkas/Ithaca/Aegialia

fig 7. Karyatids Carrying Salt on their Head-1959

Having walked around the ancient city of Lefkas myself, one can't help but notice the ruins of ancient buildings and what appears to be a sanctuary on the top of the hill along with natural springs. Today the hill is called Koulmos and is the site of this ancient city. The city runs down the mountain and goes all the way to the seashore.

Today, Jerusalem is known as a city in Western Asia located on a plateau known as the Judaean Mountains. It lies between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. Jerusalem is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Has Jerusalem always been in its present location? The answer to that question appears to be ‘no’. OK, so where was Jerusalem originally located? Let us start our search for the true city of Jerusalem with Anna Komnene.

Anna Komnene was born on 1 December 1083 A.D. and died in 1153; She was an Orthodox-Roman princess, scholar, physician, hospital administrator, and historian. She was the daughter of the Orthodox-Roman Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and his wife Irene Doukaina. Anna Doukaina was the sister of Irene Doukaina. The latter was married to George Palaiologos, who fought against the Normans (Vikings, i.e., The Kingdom of Uranus, i.e., the Catholic Church) in the Battle of Dyrrhachium, near present-day Durrës (Albania) in the ancient region of Illyria. The Palaiologos family had ancient orthodox Roman origins and descended from the orthodox Romans who had traveled to Constantinople alongside Constantine the Great when the city was founded and designated as the Roman Empire's new capital in 330 A.D.

THE ALEXIAD OF ANNA KOMNENE was an account of the reign of Anna Komnene's father, Alexios I Komnenos. In her work, Anna Komnene refers to the ancient city of Jerusalem. Here is an excerpt from THE ALEXIAD OF ANNA KOMNENE, Book Six. Pages 191/192, translated by E. R. A. SEWTER.

"Now, we must go back to the point where we digressed and take up the main thread of the narrative. Even after this defeat Robert (Guiscard) did not return to peaceful ways. He had already sent some of his ships, under the command of his son Roger, against Kephalonia. He was eager to capture the city. The rest of the fleet anchored off Vonitsa with all the army. He himself boarded a galley with one bank of oars and sailed to Kephalonia, but before he could join the other forces and his son, while he was still waiting near Ather (a promontory of the island), he was attacked by a violent fever. Unable to bear the burning heat, he asked for some cold water, where told by a native: "You see the island of Ithaca there. On it a great city was built long ago called Jerusalem, now in ruins through the passage of time. There was a spring there which always gave cold drinking water." Robert, hearing this, was at once seized with great dread, for a long time before some person had uttered a prophecy (the kind of prediction sycophants usually make to the great):' As far as Ather you will subdue everything, but on your way there from Jerusalem, you will obey the claims of necessity.' Whether it was the fever that carried him off, or whether he suffered from pleurisy I cannot say with certainty. He lingered on for six days then died."

In the above text, was the native of Kephalonia referring to Lefkas as Ithaca, or was he referring to the island currently known as Ithaca? Anna Komnene's account places Robert Guiscard in Ather, a promontory of Kephalonia; incidentally, the village Fiskardo is named after the Norman Robertus Wiscardus (Robert Guiscard). Here is her account again:

"He himself boarded a galley with one bank of oars and sailed to Kephalonia, but before he could join the other forces and his son, while he was still waiting near Ather (a promontory of the island)....where told by a native: You see the island of Ithaca there. On it a great city was built long ago called Jerusalem, now in ruins through the passage of time."

Ather, also known as Atheras, is located near the north-western tip of Kephalonia, south of the beach of the same name (Porto Atheras). The word Atheras contains the Greek word 'τέρας' (A+theras) which means a monster. From the position of Ather (north-west of Kefalonia), it is not possible to view the island currently known as Ithaca, which is due east. The high mountains of Kephalonia block the view of the island. On the other hand, Lefkas is situated to the north of Ather and is in direct view. The native must have been referring to Lefkas as Ithaca, the site of the true city of Jerusalem and not the island that is currently known as Ithaca.

The Erechtheion was dedicated to Erichthonius, an autochthon king whose descendants came from Lefkas, i.e., Ithaca, Jerusalem (Aegialia).

fig 2. Wilhelm Dörpfeld's Map showing Nirikos opposite Lefkas/Ithaca. The University Library Heidelberg. University of Heidelberg Germany.

fig 11. Karyatids, Karya Lefkas-Aegialia

fig 8. Karyatid Copper Mirror c 450-460 B.C. (Lefkas)

fig 17. Google Map depicting Kalligoni, Jerusalem, Salt Pans. and Kariotes

fig 9. Karyatids-Erechtheion Athens

The term karyatids literally means 'maidens of Karya.' The Karyatid maidens originally came from Ithaca. Ithaca was first known as Aegialia. The name Aegialia was changed to Ithaca when Ithacus, the son of Pterelaus ruled the then peninsular. Pterelaus was the son of Lelex, an autochthon Aegialian Pelasgian. Pterelaus had two other sons, Polyctor, and Neritus. In addition to Ithaca itself, they founded the peninsular on Ithaca named Neritum, named after his son Neritus, and Polyctorium, named after his other son Polyctor. Pliny the Elder confirms that the peninsular of Leucadia (Lefkas) was formerly called Neritis (Neritum); therefore, Lefkas and Ithaca are the same places.

PLINY NATURAL HISTORY. BOOK III. Page 121: Loeb Classical Library.

'Passing from the gulf of Ambracia into the Ionian sea we come to the coast of Leucadia and Capo Ducato, and then to the gulf and the actual peninsular of Leucadia formely called Neritis, which by the industry of its inhabitants was once cut off from the mainland and which has been restored to it by the mass of sand piled up against it by the violence of the winds'

Archeologists in Lefkas unearthed a copper mirror of a Karyatid at the foot of Koulmos mountain in the area known today as Kalligoni. Kalligoni is near the old village of Kariotes and the salt pans, which are a part of the ancient site of the city of Jerusalem.

fig 12. The locations of Mount Nion and Jerusalem

So here we have a legitimate historical account of the location of Jerusalem given by the Roman princess Anna Komnene. She locates the ancient town of Jerusalem on the island of Ithaca in the Ionian Sea, which appears to be Lefkas. Lefkada also known as Lefkas or Leukas and Leucadia, is an island in the Ionian Sea. In ancient times, Lefkas was connected to the Acarnanian coast by a stone bridge making the island accessible by foot.

Human habitation on Lefkas dates back to the Palaeolithic period (200,000 - 35,000 B.C.). Man's presence on the island continued during the Neolithic age (6800 - 3200 B.C.) Knowledge of this period is based on evidence found in caves and primarily from the excavations conducted by the German archaeologist Wilhelm Dörpfeld. Dörpfeld died in 1940 and was buried on the island of Lefkas.

The German archaeologist Wilhelm Dörpfeld, having conducted excavations on Lefkas and in nearby areas, has suggested that Lefkas was Homer's Ithaca. There is, in fact, a very large ancient city on Lefkas. The widespread belief is that the ancient city on Lefkas was called Nirikos, but this is not true. Wilhelm Dörpfeld's map of the area depicts ancient Nirikos as being opposite Lefkas. Dorpfeld claimed that Nirikos was part of the Acarnanian coast near the village of Plagia, which is opposite Lefkas.