​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

  ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​DISCLAIMER:

The information presented on this website is not intended to harm anyone, nor to impose or convert, but to reflect gnosis, the salvation of Mankind and the path of esoteric enlightenment.
The information presented on this website IS NOT designed to disregard the Rule of Law or the Law Courts or to encourage division, extremism, racism, Anti-Semitism, hate or violence towards any member of a royal family, priesthood, magi, person, Semite, country, nation, or any religion, including any organization, institution, corporation, its directors, shareholders or employees. Those who disrespect the Rule of Law and are racist, antisemitic and use violence, harm, force or illegal means to make a political, social or corporate change are not associated with Kopsidas or this website in any way, shape or form.
Kopsidas CONDEMNS ALL FORMS of racism, Anti-Semitism, hate. evil, terrorism and violence.
Kopsidas respects all the religions and people of the world.
May all the people of the earth live in peace, love and harmony.
Peace and Love to All the People of the Earth.
------------------------------

​

Aphrodite, i.e., Aegis was the first to leap of the rocks of Lefkada.     


Ancient Greece was original called Aegialia.  It was named after Aegis.


The etymology of the word Aegis. 

The plural form aegides (IPA(key): /ˈiːd͡ʒɪdiːz/) is borrowed from Latin aegides, from Ancient Greek αἰγῐ́δες (aigídes).


  • Etymology 1. aegis, English, Etymology, Borrowed from Latin aegis, from Ancient Greek αἰγίς (aigís, “goatskin; shield of Athena”), probably from αἴξ (aíx, “goat”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“goat”).
  • The plural form aegides (IPA(key): /ˈiːd͡ʒɪdiːz/) is borrowed from Latin aegides, from Ancient Greek αἰγῐ́δες (aigídes).
  • Noun aegis (plural aegises or aegides)
  1. (Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A mythological shield associated with the Greek deities Zeus and Athena (and their Roman counterparts Jupiter and Minerva) shown as a short cloak made of goatskin worn on the shoulders, more as an emblem of power and protection than a military shield. The aegis of Athena or Minerva is usually shown with a border of snakes and with the head of Medusa in the center. [from early 17th c.] 
  2. (figuratively) Usually as under the aegis: guidance, protection; endorsement, sponsorship.
  • Synonyms: auspices, protection, patronage.
  • Alternative forms
  1. ægis
  2. egis (rare)
  • Anagrams: Saige.


The etymology of the word Saige.


  • Etymology 1. Saige, English, Etymology
  1. Variant of Sage.
  • The etymology of the word Sage, Etymology. The surname derives from sage, a nickname for a wise person. The given name, in general use since the 1990s, is also associated with the sage plant.
  • Proper noun, Sage
  1. (Wicca) One of the triune gods of the Horned God in Wicca, representing a man, older than a middle aged Father and boyish Master
  • Anagrams: Sega, ages, geas, sega
  • Etymology 2. Sage, German, Etymology From Middle High German sage, from Old High German saga, from Proto-West Germanic *sagā, from Proto-Germanic *sagǭ.
  • Noun Sage f (genitive Sage, plural Sagen)
  1. saga, legend, myth, story, tale
  • The etymology of the word sage, English, From Middle English sage, from Old French sage (11th century), from Latin *sapius, from Latin sapere (“to taste, to discern, to be wise”), from Proto-Indo-European *sap- (“to taste”). The noun meaning "man of profound wisdom" is recorded from circa 1300. Originally applied to the Seven Sages of Greece.
  • The etymology of Seven Sages, English, Proper noun, Seven Sages
  1. (historical) Seven Ancient Greek men renowned for their wisdom: Thales, Solon, Periander, Cleobulus, Chilon, Bias, and Pittacus.



Capricorn (♑︎) is the tenth astrological sign in the zodiac out of twelve total zodiac signs, originating from the constellation of Capricornus, the horned goat.


  • Zodiac element Earth - Ge Gaia - Terra
  • Zodiac quality Cardinal
  • Sign ruler Saturn - Cronus - Chronus
  • Detriment Moon - Selene - Luna - Máni
  • Exaltation Mars - Ares - Týr
  • Fall Jupiter - Zeus -Thor




Capricornus is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for "horned goat" or "goat horn" or "having horns like a goat's", and it is commonly represented in the form of a sea goat: a mythical creature that is half goat. 


Best visible at 21:00 (2+1=3) during the month of September.  It is visible at latitudes between +60° and −90°. 


The numbers here are 3-6-9.  Anax Kopsidas was born out of the sea of Capricornus on the 3 September 1963 at 6 pm.


​Helios, (Greek: “Sun”) in the Aegialian) religion is the sun god. He is the sun or son of Aegis. He drove a chariot daily from east to west across the sky and sailed around the northerly stream of Als (ᾰ̔́λς) each night in a huge golden cup (Kop).


The ancient Aegialian word for Helios is ἡϝελιος (egihelios).  ἡϝελιος (egihelios) is the son/sun of Aegis.


The etymology of the word ᾰ̔́λς.


  • Etymology 1. ᾰ̔́λς, Ancient Greek, Etymology From Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. Cognates include Sanskrit सलिल (salila), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Latin sāl, and Old English sealt (English salt). 
  • Pronunciation: IPA(key): /háls/ → /als/ → /als/
  • Noun, ᾰ̔́λς • (háls) m (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension
  1. salt (masculine)
  2. brine (masculine)
  3. sea (feminine)
  4. wit
  • Derived Terms: 
  1. ἅλαδε (hálade)
  2. ἅλας (hálas)
  3. ἅλινος (hálinos)
  4. ἅλιος (hálios)
  5. παράλιος (parálios)
  6. πάραλος (páralos)
  • Descendants: English: haline, halogen.  Greek: αλάτι (aláti), ἁλιαίετος (haliaíetos)


ἅλαδε (hálade) is derived from ᾰ̔́λς.


The etymology of the word ἅλαδε


  • Etymology 1. -δε, See also: δεν, δε and δέ. Ancient Greek, Alternative forms ἅλαδ’ (hálad’) – apocopic
  • ἅλα (hála) +‎ -δε (-de)
  • Adverb, ἅλᾰδε • (hálade)
  1. to the sea
  • The etymology of the word -δε  used to form the word ἅλαδε, Ancient Greek, Suffix -δε • (-de)
  1. Added to a noun, usually in the accusative case, to form an adverb of motion towards: to, for ...; ...-wards
  2. Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”) + ‎-δε (-de) → ‎Ἀθήναζε (Athḗnaze, “to Athens”)


The etymology of the word ἅλινος (hálinos).


  • Etymology 1. ἅλινος, Ancient Greek, Etymology From ἅλς (háls, “salt”) +‎ -ῐνος (-inos).
  • Adjective ἅλῐνος • (hálinos) m (feminine ἁλίνη, neuter ἅλῐνον); first/second declension
  1. of salt


The etymology of the word ἅλιος ((hálios)


  • Etymology 1. Ancient Greek, Etymology ἅλς (háls, “salt”) +‎ -ιος (-ios), from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.
  • Adjective, ἅλῐος • (hálios) m (feminine ἁλίᾱ, neuter ἅλῐον); first/second declension
  1. of the sea, marine
  • Etymology 2. ᾱ̔́λῐος, Noun, ᾱ̔́λῐος • (hā́lios) m (genitive ᾱ̔λίοιο); second declension
  1. Doric form of ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”)


The etymology of the word brine.


  • Etymology 1. brine, English, Etymology From Middle English brine, bryne, from Old English brīne, brȳne, from Proto-Germanic *brīnijaz, *brīnaz (compare Scots brime, West Frisian brein, Dutch brijn (“brine”), West Flemish brijne), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut, maim”). Cognates include Old Irish ro·bria (“may hurt, damage”), Latin friāre (“to rub, crumble”), Slovene bríti (“to shave, shear”), Albanian brej (“to gnaw”), Sanskrit बृणाति (bhrīṇā́ti, “they injure, hurt”).
  • Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *mriHnós, from *móri (compare Latin marīnus).
  • Noun, brine (usually uncountable, plural brines)
  1. Salt water; water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt; a salt-and-water solution for pickling. 
  2. The sea or ocean; the water of the sea. 


The etymology of the word wit.


  • Etymology 1. wit, English, Etymology, From Middle English wit, from Old English witt (“understanding, intellect, sense, knowledge, consciousness, conscience”), from Proto-Germanic *witją (“knowledge, reason”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”). Cognate with Dutch weet, German Witz, Danish vid, Swedish vett, Norwegian Bokmål vett, Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹 (unwiti, “ignorance”), Latin videō (“see”), Russian ви́деть (vídetʹ). Compare wise.
  • Etymology 2. wit, From Middle English witen, from Old English witan, from Proto-Germanic *witaną, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”). Cognate with Icelandic vita, Dutch weten, German wissen, Swedish veta, and Latin videō (“I see”). Compare guide.
  • Verb, wit (see below for this verb’s conjugation)
  1. (transitive, intransitive, chiefly archaic) Know, be aware of (constructed with of when used intransitively). 
  •  The etymology of the word videō, English, Etymology From the root vide of Latin videō (“I see”) + -o, formed in analogy to audio.
  • Noun, video (countable and uncountable, plural videos)
  1. Television, television show, movie.
  2. A short film clip, with or without audio (as in a music video, or one of the plethora of user-generated short movies on sites such as YouTube).
  3. Motion picture stored on VHS or some other format.
  4. (dated) VHS.
  • Usage notes:
  1. Video is used in contrast with audio, which is sound only. It is also sometimes used in contrast with film to describe all other motion picture formats, such as videotape and digital video.
  2. The plural videmus is rare and used for humorous effect. It is the first-person plural form of the Latin verb ("we see") in the same way that video is the singular.
  • Related terms:
  1. audio
  2. audiovisual
  3. direct-to-video
  4. television
  5. video card
  6. video game
  7. video game music
  8. videogram
  • Verb, video (third-person singular simple present videoes, present participle videoing, simple past and past participle videoed)
  1. (Britain) To record using a video camera, to videotape
  2. (Britain) To record a television program
  • Anagrams: voide


The etymology of the word voide.


  • Etymology 1. voide, English, Adjective voide (not comparable)
  1. Obsolete form of void.
  • Etymology 2. voide, Finnish, Etymology From Proto-Finnic *voidek. Equivalent to voitaa +‎ -e.
  • Noun, voide
  1. ointment, salve
  • The etymology of the word ointment, English, Alternative forms oyntment (obsolete) Etymology
  • A later form (as if oint +‎ -ment) of Middle English oinement, borrowed from Old French oignement (“an anointing”), from oigner, oindre, ongier (“to anoint”), from Latin ung(u)ō (“I anoint”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷ- (“to smear, anoint”).
  • Noun ointment (plural ointments)
  1. (medicine) A viscous preparation of oils and/or fats, usually containing medication, used as a treatment or as an emollient.
  2. A substance used to anoint, as in religious rituals.
  • The etymology of the word anoint, English, Alternative forms annoint (nonstandard)
  • Verb anoint (third-person singular simple present anoints, present participle anointing, simple past and past participle anointed)
  1. (transitive) To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil. 
  2. (transitive) To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration. 
  3. (transitive, figuratively) To choose or nominate somebody for a leading or otherwise important position, especially formally or officially, or as an intended successor.
  4. (transitive, historical) To mark somebody as an official ruler, especially a king or queen, as a part of a religious ceremony.
  • Synonyms: salve
  • Derived terms:
  1. anointee
  2. Anointing of the Sick
  3. the Lord's Anointed
  • The etymology of the Lord's Anointed, English, Proper noun, the Lord's Anointed
  1. Christ or the Messiah.
  2. A Jewish or other king by divine right.


The etymology of the word voide/void.


  • Etymology 1. void, English, Etymology From Middle English voide, voyde, from Old French vuit, voide, vuide (modern vide), in turn from a Vulgar Latin *vocitus, related to Latin vacuus (“empty”).
  • Adjective, void (not comparable)
  1. Containing nothing; empty; vacant; not occupied; not filled. 
  2. Having no incumbent; unoccupied; said of offices etc. 
  3. Being without; destitute; devoid. 
  4. Not producing any effect; ineffectual; vain. 
  5. Of no legal force or effect, incapable of confirmation or ratification.
  6. Containing no immaterial quality; destitute of mind or soul. 
  7. (computing, programming, of a function or method) That does not return a value. 
  • Noun, void (plural voids)
  1. An empty space; a vacuum. 
  2. Nobody has crossed the void since one man died trying three hundred years ago; it's high time we had another go.
  3. (astronomy) An extended region of space containing no galaxies
  4. (materials science) A collection of adjacent vacancies inside a crystal lattice.
  5. (fluid mechanics) A pocket of vapour inside a fluid flow, created by cavitation.
  6. (construction) An empty space between floors or walls, including false separations and planned gaps between a building and its facade.
  • Etymology 2. void, English, Noun, void (plural voids)
  1. (now rare, historical) A voidee. [from 15th c.] 
  • Anagrams: Ovid, divo
  • The etymology of the word voidee, English, Alternative forms voide [14th-15th c.] Etymology From Old French.
  • Noun voidee (plural voidees)
  1. (now only historical) A cup of wine drunk with spices or other small accompaniments, taken before retiring to bed or before the departure of guests; also, a larger snack or small meal taken in similar circumstances. 


The etymology of the word divo.


  • Etymology 1. divo, Italian, Etymology From Latin divus. Doublet of dio. 
  • Noun divo m (plural divi, feminine diva)
  1. star (performer)
  2. (poetic) god
  • The etymology of the word divus, Latin, Alternative forms D. (in titular formulae) Etymology From the same source as deus. 
  • Adjective dīvus (feminine dīva, neuter dīvum, comparative dīvior, superlative dīvissimus or dīssimus); first/second-declension adjective
  1. of or belonging to a deity; divine
  2. godlike, godly
  • Noun
  • dīvus m (genitive dīvī); second declension
  1. god, fairy
  • The etymology of the word fairy, Etymology From Middle English fairye, fairie, from Old French faerie, from fae + -erie, from Vulgar Latin *Fāta (“goddess of fate”), from Latin fātum (“fate”). Equivalent to Fate +‎ -ery.
  • English from ca. 1300, first in the sense of "enchantment, illusion, dream" and later "realm of the fays, fairy-land" or "the inhabitants of fairyland as a collective". The re-interpretation of the term as a countable noun denoting individual inhabitants of fairy-land can be traced to the 1390s, but becomes common only in the 16th century.
  • Homophone: ferry (Mary–marry–merry merger)
  • Noun, fairy (countable and uncountable, plural fairies)
  1. (uncountable, obsolete) The realm of faerie; enchantment, illusion.
  2. A mythical being with magical powers, known in many sizes and descriptions, although often depicted in modern illustrations only as a small sprite with gauze-like wings.
  3. An enchantress, or creature of overpowering charm.
  4. (Northern England, US, derogatory, colloquial) A male homosexual, especially one who is effeminate.
  5. A member of two species of hummingbird in the genus Heliothryx.
  • Translations: mythical being. Irish: bean sí f, sióg, síogaí m, daoine maithe m pl. Middle Irish: áes side m
    Old Irish: áes síde m, síde n pl, ben síde f, síd n (attributively)
  • Scottish Gaelic: sìthiche m, bean-shìdh f, (collectively) sluagh sìdhe m, (attributively) sìth



The etymology of the word Ovid.


  • Etymology 1. Ovid, English, Etymology From Latin Ovidius, name of a Roman gens.
  • Proper noun Ovid
  1. A 1st century BC Roman poet.
  2. A male given name from Latin of mainly historic use.
  • The etymology of the word Ovidus, Latin, Etymology Perhaps from ovis (“sheep”).
  • The etymology of the word ovis, Latin, Etymology From Proto-Italic *owis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”) or *h₃éwis. Cognate with Sanskrit अवि (ávi), Ancient Greek ὄϊς (óïs), English ewe.
  • Noun, ovis f (genitive ovis); third declension
  1. sheep
  • Derived terms[:
  • ovicula
  • ovinus
  • Coordinate terms:
  1. agnus
  2. aries


The etymology of the word ovicula.


  • Etymology 1. ovicula, Latin, Alternative forms ovecula. Diminutive from ovis (“sheep”) +‎ -cula; stem ovis from Proto-Italic *owis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis.
  • Noun, ovicula f (genitive oviculae); first declension
  1. Diminutive of ovis; little sheep


The etymology of the word -culu used to form the word  ovicula (ovi+cula)


  • Etymology 1. -culus, Latin, Etymology Rebracketing of diminutive suffix -lus on nouns ending in -cus, used freely.
  • Suffix -culus (feminine -cula, neuter -culum); first/second-declension suffix, Alternative form of -ulus; added to a noun to form a diminutive of that noun.
  1. ‎clāvis (“key”) + ‎-culus → ‎clāvicula (“little key”)
  2. ‎ōs (“mouth”) + ‎-culus → ‎ōsculum (“little mouth”)
  3. ‎mās + ‎-culus → ‎māsculus
  4. ‎sermō + ‎-culus → ‎sermunculus (“rumor; small talk”)


The etymology of the word ōs.


  • Etymology 1. ōs, English, Etymology From neuter Latin word os (“bone”) (genitive: ossis).
  • Etymology 2. os, From neuter Latin word os (“mouth”) (genitive: oris).
  • Noun, os (plural ora)
  1. (rare) A mouth; an opening.
  2. In particular, either end of the cervix, internal (to the uterus) or external (to the vagina).
  • Etymology 3. os, Irish, Etymology From Old Irish oss, from Proto-Celtic *uxsū, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn (“bull”).
  • Noun os m (genitive singular ois, nominative plural ois)
  1. (literary) deer
  2. Synonym: fia
  • Etymology 4. os, Latin, Etymology, From Proto-Italic *ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os. Cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš), Sanskrit आस् (ās), Old Irish á.
  • Noun, ōs n (genitive ōris); third declension
  1. mouth 

  • Synonym: bucca
  • Hyponyms: buccula, ōsculum

  1. face, appearance, head (kop)
  2. (poetic) speech
  3. opening, entrance
  • Etymology 5. os, Old English, Etymology From Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“engender, beget”). Cognate with Old Norse áss.
  • Noun ōs m (nominative plural ēse) (declension unknown)
  1. god
  2. the runic character ᚩ (/o/ or /oː/)


The etymology of the word áss.


  • Etymology 1. áss, Old Norse, Likely from Proto-Germanic *amsaz ("shoulder"). Noun áss m (genitive áss, plural ásar)
  1. a rocky ridge.
  2. Etymology 2. áss, From Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énsus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ens- (“to engender, beget”). Cognate with Old English ōs, Old Saxon ās, Old High German ans-.
  • Noun, áss m (genitive ásar, plural æsir)
  1. (Norse mythology) one of the gods
  2. (Norse mythology) one of the Æsir
  • Derived terms: ásynja f (“a goddess”)


The etymology of the word os continued.


  • Etymology 7. os, Serbo-Croatian, Etymology From Proto-Slavic *osь
  • Noun, ȏs f (Cyrillic spelling о̑с)
  1. (Croatia) axis
  • The etymology of the word axis, English, Borrowed from Latin axis (“axle, axis”).
  • Noun, axis (plural axes)
  1. (geometry) An imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry). 
  2. (mathematics) A fixed one-dimensional figure, such as a line or arc, with an origin and orientation and such that its points are in one-to-one correspondence with a set of numbers; an axis forms part of the basis of a space or is used to position and locate data in a graph (a coordinate axis)
  3. (anatomy) The second cervical vertebra of the spine

  • Synonym: epistropheus

  1. (psychiatry) A form of classification and descriptions of mental disorders or disabilities used in manuals such as the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
  2. (botany) The main stem or central part about which organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
  3. Derived terms: axis of symmetry. 
  • The etymology of axis of symmetry, 
  • Noun, axis of symmetry (plural axes of symmetry)
  1. (geometry) Any of one or more lines about which a geometric figure is symmetric.
  • Etymology 2. axis, Latin, Etymology From Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-i-s, from *h₂eḱs- (“axis, axle”); see also Lithuanian ašis (“axle”), Sanskrit अक्ष (ákṣa, “axis, axle, balance beam”), Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn, “axle”), Old High German ahsa (“axle”), Icelandic eax, öxull, öksull, Old English eaxl (whence English axle).
  • Noun axis m (genitive axis); third declension
  1. An axletree of wagon, car, chariot.
  2. The North Pole.
  3. The heavens or a region or clime of these.
  4. A board, plank.
  • Descendants: Portuguese: axe, áxis
  • Etymology 8. os, Swedish, Noun os n
  1. (uncountable) (bad) smell, especially a strong smell originating from cooking
  2. a river mouth; the place where a creek, stream or river enters into a lake
  3. indefinite genitive singular of o


The etymology of the word ovis continued.


  • Etymology 2. ovis, Ancient Greek ὄϊς (óïs), Noun, ὄϊς • (óïs) m or f (genitive ὄϊος); third declension
  1. Epic form of οἶς (oîs)
  • The etymology of the word οἶς (oîs), Ancient Greek, Etymology Contracted form of ὄϊς (óïs), from Proto-Hellenic *ówis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis. Cognate with Sanskrit अवि (ávi), Latin ovis, and Old English ēowu (English ewe).
  • Noun, οἶς • (oîs) m or f (genitive οἰός); third declension (Attic)
  1. sheep (either a ram or ewe)


The etymology of the word ewe.


  • Etymology 1. ewe, English, Etymology From Middle English ewe, from Old English ēowu, from Proto-Germanic *awiz (compare Old English ēow (“sheep”), West Frisian ei, Dutch ooi, German Aue), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”) (compare Old Irish oí, Latin ovis, Tocharian B ā(ᵤ)w, Lithuanian avìs (“ewe”)).
  • Homophones: hew, hue, Hugh (in h-dropping dialects)
  • Noun ewe (plural ewes)
  1. A female sheep, as opposed to a ram.
  • See also:
  1. hog
  2. ram
  3. shearling
  4. teg
  5. wether


The etymology of the word hew. Homophones:: Hu, Huh. 


  • Etymology 1. Hu, the deification of the first word in the Egyptian mythology of the Ennead.  Hu is the power of the spoken word. He personifies the authority of utterance.  Together with Sia, Hu was depicted in the retinue of Thoth, with whom he was also occasionally identified.  In the Middle Kingdom, all gods participated in Hu and Sia, and were associated with Ptah who created the universe by uttering the word of creation. Hu was depicted in human shape, as a falcon, or as a man with a ram's head.  In the New Kingdom, both Hu and Sia together with Heke, Irer and Sedjem were members of the fourteen creative powers of Amun-Ra. By the time of Ptolemaic Egypt, Hu had merged with Shu (air).
  • Etymology 2. Huh (god), the deification of eternity in the Egyptian mythology of the Ogdoad.  Ḥu, also Huh, Hah, Hauh, Huah, and Hehu was the personification of infinity or eternity in the Ogdoad in Egyptian mythology.  His name originally meant "flood", referring to the watery chaos that the Egyptians believed existed before the creation of the world.  The Egyptians envisioned this chaos as infinite, in contrast with the finite created world, so Hu personified this aspect of the primordial waters.  Hu's female counterpart was known as Huhet, which is simply the feminine form of his name.  Hu became associated with the King and his quest for longevity. For instance, he appears on the tomb of King Tutankhamen, in two cartouches, where he is crowned with a winged scarab beetle (Aegialia), symbolizing Aegis. 
  • Etymology 3. Hu (Sufism), a name for God.  Hu or Huwa (“He”) is a name for God in Sufism. Literally, Hebrew and Arabic for the English Third person and is used in Sufism to avoid attributation of a grammatical gender to Allah.  In Sufism Hu or Huwa is the pronoun used with Allah or God, and is used as a name of God. Allah Hu means "God, Just He!" In Arabic Allah means God and with Hu, as an intensive added to Allah, means "God himself." Hu is also found in the version of the Islamic credo lā ilāha illā Hu(wa) meaning "There is no god but He"
  • Etymology 4. Hu, Adir Hu, a hymn sung at the Passover Seder.  Adir Hu (English: Mighty is He, Hebrew אדיר הוּא) is a hymn sung by Ashkenazi Jews worldwide at the Passover Seder. It switches rapidly between saying the virtues of God in an alphabet format (Aleph, Bet, Gimel,...), and expressing hope that God will "rebuild the Holy Temple speedily." Most of the virtues of God are adjectives (for instance, Holy (Kadosh) is he); however, a few are nouns. (Lord is he).  Adir Hu is sung towards the end of the Seder. The traditional melody is a bouncy, major one.[1] Other melodies, however, have been composed for the alphabetical song.
  • The etymology of the word sedar, English, Etymology Borrowed from Hebrew סדר‎ (seder, “order”). Noun seder (plural seders or sidarim or siddarim)
  1. (Judaism) The ceremonial meal held on the first night or two nights of Passover. quotations ▼
  2. (Judaism) One of the 54 parts into which the Torah is divided.
  • Anagrams: DEERS, deers, dere's, deres, drees, redes, reeds, resed.
  • Etymology 2, cedar, Norwegian Bokmål, Etymology From Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros), via Latin cedrus.
  • Noun seder m (definite singular sederen, indefinite plural sedere or sedre or sedrer, definite plural sederne or sedrene)
  1. a cedar (tree of genus Cedrus)
  • The etymology of the word deers, English, Noun, deers
  1. (dated or nonstandard) plural of deer.
  • The etymology of the word deer, English, Etymology, From Middle English deere, dere, der, dier, deor (“small animal, deer”), from Old English dēor (“animal”), from Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewsóm (“living thing”), from *dʰéws (“breath”), full-grade derivative of *dʰwés-.
    Cognate with Scots dere, deir (“deer”), North Frisian dier (“animal, beast”), West Frisian dier (“animal, beast”), Dutch dier (“animal, beast”), German Low German Deer, Deert (“animal”), German Tier (“animal, beast”), Swedish djur (“animal, beast”), Norwegian dyr (“animal”), Icelandic dýr (“animal, beast”).
    Related also to Albanian dash (“ram”), Lithuanian daũsos (“upper air; heaven”), Lithuanian dùsti (“to sigh”), Russian душа́ (dušá, “breath, spirit”), Lithuanian dvėsti (“to breathe, exhale”), Sanskrit ध्वंसति (dhvaṃsati, “he falls to dust”).
    For semantic development compare Latin animālis (“animal”), from anima (“breath, spirit”).


Etymology of the word 'ewe' continued.


  • Etymology 2. ewe, Middle Dutch Etymology From Old Dutch ēwa, from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force”).
  • Noun êwe f
  1. era
  2. eternity
  3. moral law
  4. nature
  • Etymology 3. ewe, Middle English, Etymology From Old English ēowu, from Proto-Germanic *awiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis.
  1. Alternative forms
  2. awe, ouwe, eu, yowe, yeue
  • Etymology 4. ewe, Tocharian B, Noun, ewe
  1. skin, hide


The etymology of the word ram which come from the word οἶς. See also: Ram, RAM, rám, râm, Râm and rắm


  • Etymology 1. ram, English, Etymology From Middle English ram, rom, ramme, from Old English ramm (“ram”), from Proto-Germanic *rammaz (“ram”), possibly from *rammaz (“strong”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Rom (“ram”), Dutch ram (“a male sheep”), German Ramm, Ramme (“ram”). Possibly akin also to Danish ram (“sharp; acrid; rank”), Swedish ram (“strong; perfect”), Faroese ramur (“strong; competent”), Icelandic rammur (“strong; sturdy”).
  • Noun ram (plural rams)
  1. A male sheep, typically uncastrated
  2. A battering ram; a heavy object used for breaking through doors.
  3. A warship intended to sink other ships by ramming them.
  4. A piston powered by hydraulic pressure.
  5. A weight which strikes a blow, in a ramming device such as a pile driver, a steam hammer, a stamp mill.
  • Anagrams: -mar-, AMR, ARM, Arm, Arm., MAR, MRA, Mar, Mar., RMA, arm, mar, mar-
  • Etymology 2. ram, Friulian, Etymology From Latin rāmus. Noun, ram m (plural rams)
  1. branch.


The etymology of the word branch.


  • Etymology 1. English, Etymology From Middle English branche, braunche, bronche, borrowed from Old French branche, brance, from Late Latin branca (“footprint”, later also “paw, claw”), of unknown origin, possibly from Gaulish *vranca. Indo-European cognates include Old Norse vró (“angle, corner”), Lithuanian rankà (“hand”), Old Church Slavonic рѫка (rǫka, “hand”), Albanian rangë (“yardwork”).
  • Noun branch (plural branches)
  1. The woody part of a tree arising from the trunk and usually dividing.
  2. Any of the parts of something that divides like the branch of a tree.
  3. (chiefly Southern US) A creek or stream which flows into a larger river. (compare Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia run, and New York and New England brook.)
  4. (geometry) One of the portions of a curve that extends outwards to an indefinitely great distance.
  5. A location of an organization with several locations.
  6. A line of family descent, in distinction from some other line or lines from the same stock; any descendant in such a line. 
  7. (Mormonism) A local congregation of the LDS Church that is not large enough to form a ward; see Wikipedia article on ward in LDS church.
  8. An area in business or of knowledge, research. 
  9. (nautical) A certificate given by Trinity House to a pilot qualified to take navigational control of a ship in British waters.
  10. (computing) A sequence of code that is conditionally executed.
  11. (computing) A group of related files in a source control system, including for example source code, build scripts, and media such as images.
  12. (rail transport) A branch line.


The etymology of the word ram continued.


  • Etymology 3. ram, Etymology From Vulgar Latin *arame(n), from Late Latin aerāmen, from Latin aes (“copper”). Compare Italian rame. Noun, ram m
  1. copper.


The etymology of the word copper.


  • Etymology 1. copper, English, From Middle English coper, from Old English coper, copor (“copper”), from Late Latin cuprum (“copper”), contraction of Latin aes Cyprium (literally “Cyprian brass”), from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros, “Cyprus”). Cognate with Dutch koper (“copper”), German Kupfer (“copper”), Icelandic kopar (“copper”).
  • Noun, copper (countable and uncountable, plural coppers)
  1. (uncountable) A reddish-brown, malleable, ductile metallic element with high electrical and thermal conductivity, symbol Cu, and atomic number 29.
  2. The reddish-brown colour/color of copper.
  3. (entomology) Any of various lycaenid butterflies with copper-coloured upperwings, especially those of the genera Lycaena and Paralucia.
  • Etymology 2. From cop (“to take, capture, seize”) +‎ -er (“agent suffix”). Noun, copper (plural coppers)
  1. (slang, law enforcement) A police officer.
  • Related terms: cop


The etymology of the word cop. 


  • Etymology 1. cop, English, Etymology From Middle English coppe, from Old English *coppe, as in ātorcoppe (“spider”, literally “venom head”), from Old English copp (“top, summit, head”), from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz (“vault, round vessel, head”), from Proto-Indo-European *gū- (“to bend, curve”). Cognate with Middle Dutch koppe, kobbe (“spider”). More at cobweb.
  • Noun cop (plural cops)
  1. (obsolete) A spider.
  • The etymology of the word copse, Homophone: copse.
  • The etymology of the word copse, English, Etymology, 1578, from coppice, by contraction, originally meaning “small wood grown for purposes of periodic cutting”.
  • Noun copse (plural copses)
  1. A thicket of small trees or shrubs.
  • Synonyms: coppice
  • See also: bush, bushes, forest, mott, orchard, stand, thicket, wood, woods
  • Verb copse (third-person singular simple present copses, present participle copsing, simple past and past participle copsed)
  1. (transitive, horticulture) To trim or cut.
  2. (transitive, horticulture) To plant and preserve.
  • Etymology 2. cop, Etymology From Middle English cop, coppe, from Old English cop, copp, from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz (“vault, basin, round object”), from Proto-Indo-European *gu-. Cognate with Dutch kop, German Kopf.
  • Noun, cop (plural cops)
  1. (crafts) The ball of thread wound on to the spindle in a spinning machine.
  2. (obsolete) The top, summit, especially of a hill.
  3. (obsolete) The crown (of the head); also the head itself. [14th-15th c.
  4. A tube or quill upon which silk is wound.
  5. (architecture, military) A merlon.
  • Etymology 3. cop, A-Pucikwar, Etymology From Proto-Great Andamanese *cup
  • Noun, cop
  1. basket
  • Etymology 4. Czech, Etymology Borrowed from German Zopf.
  • Noun cop m
  1. braid
  • Etymology 5. cop, Middle English, Alternative forms cope, coppe. Etymology From Old English cop, from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz.
  • Noun cop (plural coppes)
  1. summit (of a mountain or hill)
  2. top, tip, topmost part
  3. top of the head, crown
  4. head
  • Descendants
  1. English: cop
  2. Scots: cop, coppe
  3. → Welsh: copa
  • Etymology 6. cop, Volapük, Noun cop (nominative plural cops)
  1. hoe (tool)


The etymology of the word ram continued.


  • Etymology 4. ram, Gerka, Alternative forms ɣam, Etymology Related to Ngas am (“water”).
  • Noun ram
  1. water
  • Etymology 5. ram, Haruai Noun ram
  1. house
  • Etymology 6. ram, Middle English, Alternative forms: rame, ramme, rom, rem. Etymology From Old English ramm, from Proto-Germanic *rammaz.
  • Noun ram (plural rams)
  1. male sheep, ram
  2. (astrology) Aries
  3. pile driver, battering ram
  • Etymology 7. ram, Old Occitan, Etymology From Latin rāmus. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French raim. 
  • Noun ram m (oblique plural rams, nominative singular rams, nominative plural ram)
  1. branch (of a tree, etc.)
  • Etymology 8. ram, Romansch, Etymology From Latin rāmus.
  • Noun ram m (plural rams)
  1. (Puter) branch (of tree, river, etc.)
  2. (Puter, education) subject



The etymology of the word agnus......








  • Etymology 3. wit, Afrikaans, Etymology From Dutch wit, from Middle Dutch wit, from Old Dutch *wit, from Proto-Germanic *hwittaz.
  • Adjective, wit (attributive witte, comparative witter, superlative witste)
  1. white
  • Etymology 4. wit, Balinese, Noun, wit
  1. tree
  • Etymology 5. wit, Belizean Creole, Preposition wit
  1. Alternative form of wid
  • Etymology 6. wit, Dutch, Etymology From Middle Dutch wit, from Old Dutch *wit, from Proto-Germanic *hwittaz. The geminate is unexpected as the usual Proto-Germanic form is *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytos (“shine; bright”). The geminate is sometimes explained as being the result of Kluge's law, thus from a pre-Germanic *kweyd-nos.
  • Adjective, wit (comparative witter, superlative witst)
  1. white
  2. (chiefly Surinam) having a white skin colour, light-skinned (see usage note)
  3. (Surinam) having a relatively light skin colour
  4. legal
  5. pure, untainted
  6. (archaic) clear-lighted, not dark at all
  • Noun, wit n (plural witten, diminutive witje n)
  1. (uncountable) white (color)
  2. (archaic) (short for doelwit (“goal, target, the white in a bullseye”))
  • Etymology 7. wit, From Middle Dutch wit. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *witją (“knowledge, reason”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”). Related to weten (“to know”), wis (“knowledge”) and wijs (“wise”). Cognate with English wit, German Witz.
  • Noun, wit n (plural witten, diminutive witje n)
  1. (archaic) ability to think and reason
  2. (archaic) knowledge
  • Etymology 8. wit, Louisiana Creole French, Etymology From French huit.
  • Numeral wit
  1. eight
  • Etymology 9. wit, Middle Dutch, Etymology From Old Dutch *wit, from Proto-Germanic *hwittaz. The long-vowel variant wijt is from Old Dutch wīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz.
  • Adjective wit
  1. white
  2. clean
  3. pale (of skin)
  • Etymology 10. wit, Old English, lternative forms ƿit – wynn spelling, Etymology From Proto-Germanic *wet, from Proto-Indo-European *wed-, a suffixed form of *wey- (see wē). Cognate with North Frisian wat, Old Norse vit, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐍄 (wit), and Lithuanian vèdu.
  • Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wed- Proto-Indo-European, Etymology Possibly related to Proto-Uralic *wete, the source of Finnish vesi and Hungarian víz. The nature of the relationship is unclear and controversial; the word may have been borrowed from Proto-Indo-European into Proto-Uralic, or the reverse. A minority of linguists suggests a common origin from an even earlier proto-language, but this is not generally accepted.
  • In Proto-Indo-European, the active elemental *wed- (“water”) was contrasted with the passive *h₂ep- (“body of water”), similar to the opposition of the active "fire" *h₁n̥gʷnis with the passive *péh₂wr̥.
  • Root *wed-
  1. water
  • Etymology 11. Tok Pisin, Etymology From English wheat. Noun wit
  1. wheat


The etymology of the word sea. Derived from the word ᾰ̔́λς.


  • Etymology 1. sea, English, Etymology From Middle English see, from Old English sǣ (“sea, lake”), from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz (compare West Frisian see, Dutch zee, German See, Norwegian Bokmål sjø, Swedish sjö), probably either from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey-wo- (“to be fierce, afflict”) (compare Latin saevus (“wild, fierce”), Tocharian saiwe (“itch”), Latvian sievs, sīvs (“sharp, biting”); more at sore)[1] or derived from *sīhwaną (“to percolate, filter”), in which case *saiwiz is from earlier *saigwiz, Pre-Germanic *soykʷ-ís.[
  • Homophones: C, cee, see
  • Noun sea (plural seas)
  1. A large body of salt water.
  2. A lake, especially if large or if salty or brackish
  3. The swell of the sea; a single wave; billow. 
  4. (attributive, in combination) Living or used in or on the sea; of, near, or like the sea.
  5. (figuratively) Anything resembling the vastness or turbulence of the sea. 
  6. (physics) A constant flux of gluons splitting into quarks, which annihilate to produce further gluons.
  7. (planetology) A large, dark plain of rock; a mare.
  8. The Apollo 11 mission landed in the Sea of Tranquility.
  9. (planetology) A very large lake of liquid hydrocarbon.
  • Derived terms (Names of seas)
  1. Aegean Sea


The etymology of the word see.


  • Etymology 1.see, Etymology From Middle English seen, from Old English sēon (“to see, look, behold, perceive, observe, discern, understand, know”), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną (“to see”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”). Cognate with West Frisian sjen (“to see”), Dutch zien (“to see”), Low German sehn, German sehen (“to see”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål se (“to see”), Norwegian Nynorsk sjå (“to see”), and more distantly with Latin sīgnum (“sign, token”), Albanian shih (“look at, see”) imperative of shoh (“to see”).
  • Verb see (third-person singular simple present sees, present participle seeing, simple past saw or (dialectal) seen or (dialectal) seent or (dialectal) seed, past participle seen or (dialectal) seent or (dialectal) seed)
  1. (stative) To perceive or detect with the eyes, or as if by sight. 
  2. To form a mental picture of. 
  • Etymology 2. see, English, Etymology From Middle English se, see, from Old French sie (“seat, throne; town, capital; episcopal see”), from Latin sedes (“seat”), referring to the bishop's throne or chair (compare seat of power) in the cathedral; related to the Latin verb sedere (“to sit”).
  • Noun see (plural sees)
  1. a diocese, archdiocese; a region of a church, generally headed by a bishop, especially an archbishop.
  2. The office of a bishop or archbishop; bishopric or archbishopric
  3. A seat; a site; a place where sovereign power is exercised. 
  • Derived terms
  1. Holy See (Holy See/Holy ᾰ̔́λς/Holy Aegis)
  • See also:
  1. cathedra
  2. cathedral
  3. chair
  4. throne


The etymology of the Holy See.


  • Etymology 1. Holy See, Proper noun Holy See
  1. the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent see of the Catholic Church. It is also the sovereign entity headed by the Pope which governs the Vatican and represents the Catholic Church in temporal affairs.
  • Etymology 2. see, Finnish, Numeral see
  1. (colloquial, counting) seven
  • The etymology of the word seven, ...................................




 The god Nu or Nun in particular is sometimes depicted either with the head of a frog surmounted by a beetle.









The etymology of the Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (ᾰ̔́λς)


  • Etymology 1. *séh₂ls (ᾰ̔́λς) Proto-Indo-European, Noun, *séh₂ls
  1. salt
  • Descendants: Zazaki: sol (“salt”)


The etymology of the word sol.


  • Etymology 1. sol, Homophones: soul, sole.
  • The etymology of the word soul, English, Etymology From Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”). Cognate with Scots saul, sowel (“soul”), North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”), Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”), West Frisian siel (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”) Scandinavian homonyms seem to have been borrowed from Old Saxon *siala. Modern Danish sjæl, Swedish själ, Norwegian sjel. Icelandic sál may have come from Old English sāwol. 
  • Alternative forms: sowl (archaic)
  • Noun, soul (countable and uncountable, plural souls)
  1. (religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality. Often believed to live on after the person's death.
  2. The spirit or essence of anything.
  3. Life, energy, vigor.
  4. (music) Soul music.
  5. A person, especially as one among many.
  6. An individual life.
  7. (mathematics) A kind of submanifold involved in the soul theorem of Riemannian geometry.
  • Related terms:

  1. mind
  2. spirit
  • Etymology 2. sol, Etymology Borrowed from Latin sol (“sun”). 
  • Noun, sol (plural sols)
  1. (astronomy) A solar day on Mars (equivalent to 24 hours, 39 minutes, 35 seconds).
  • See also

  1. Sol
  2. yestersol
  • The etymology of the word Sol, English, Etymology Borrowed from Latin sōl. 
  • Proper noun Sol
  1. (poetic, science fiction) The Sun, the star orbited by the Earth.
  2. (Roman mythology) The sun god; equivalent of the Greek Helios. Brother of Luna and Aurora.
  3. (Norse mythology) The sun goddess.
  • Synonyms: (Earth's star): sun, Sun


Sól (Norse mythology)


Sól (Old Norse "Sun")[1] or Sunna (Old High German, and existing as an Old Norse and Icelandic synonym: see Wiktionary sunna, "Sun") is the Sun personified in Norse mythology. One of the two Old High German Merseburg Incantations attests that Sunna is the sister of Sinthgunt. In Norse mythology, Sól is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.

In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda she is described as the sister of the personified Moon, Máni, is the daughter of Mundilfari, is at times referred to as Álfröðull, and is foretold to be killed by a monstrous wolf during the events of Ragnarök, though beforehand she will have given birth to a daughter who continues her mother's course through the heavens. In the Prose Edda, she is additionally described as the wife of Glenr. As a proper noun, Sól appears throughout Old Norse literature. Scholars have produced theories about the development of the goddess from potential Nordic Bronze Age and Proto-Indo-European roots.


One of the two Merseburg Incantations (the "horse cure"), recorded in Old High German, mentions Sunna, who is described as having a sister, Sinthgunt. The incantation describes how Phol and Wodan rode to a wood, and there Balder's foal sprained its foot. Sinthgunt sang charms, her sister Sunna sang charms, Friia sang charms, her sister Volla sang charms, and finally Wodan sang charms, followed by a verse describing the healing of the foal's bone.


Poetic Edda[edit]

In the poem Völuspá, a dead völva recounts the history of the universe and foretells the future to the disguised god Odin. In doing so, the völva recounts the early days of the universe, in which:


Benjamin Thorpe translation:

  • The sun from the south, the moon's companion,
  • her right hand cast about the heavenly horses.
  • The sun knew not where she a dwelling had,
  • the moon know not what power he possessed,
  • the stars knew not where they had a station.


Henry Adams Bellows translation:

  • The sun, the sister of the moon, from the south
  • Her right hand cast over heaven's rim;
  • No knowledge she had where her home should be,
  • The moon knew not what might was his,
  • The stars knew not where their stations were


In the poem Vafþrúðnismál, the god Odin tasks the jötunn Vafþrúðnir with a question about the origins of the sun and the moon. Vafþrúðnir responds that Mundilfari is the father of both Sól and Máni, and that they must pass through the heavens every day to count the years for man:


  • "Mundilferi is he who began the moon,
  • And fathered the flaming sun;
  • The round of heaven each day they run,
  • To tell the time for men."


The earliest records of the Germanic peoples were recorded by the Romans, and in these works Odin is frequently referred to—via a process known as interpretatio romana (where characteristics perceived to be similar by Romans result in identification of a non-Roman god as a Roman deity)—as the Roman god Mercury. The first clear example of this occurs in the Roman historian Tacitus's late 1st-century work Germania, where, writing about the religion of the Suebi (a confederation of Germanic peoples), he comments that "among the gods Mercury is the one they principally worship. They regard it as a religious duty to offer to him, on fixed days, human as well as other sacrificial victims. Hercules and Mars they appease by animal offerings of the permitted kind" and adds that a portion of the Suebi also venerate "Isis". In this instance, Tacitus refers to the god Odin as "Mercury", Thor as "Hercules", and Týr as "Mars", and the identity of the "Isis" of the Suebi has been debated.


Also, Tacitus's "among the gods Mercury is the one they principally worship" is an exact quote from Julius Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico (1st century BCE) in which Caesar is referring to the Gauls and not the Germanic peoples. Regarding the Germanic peoples, Caesar states: "[T]hey consider the gods only the ones that they can see, the Sun, Fire and the Moon", which scholars reject as clearly mistaken, regardless of what may have led to the statement.[


The Old English rune poem is a rune poem that recounts the Old English runic alphabet, the futhorc. The stanza for the rune ós reads as follows:

ōs byþ ordfruma ǣlcre sprǣce
wīsdōmes wraþu and wītena frōfur
and eorla gehwām ēadnys and tō hiht[15]

god is the origin of all language
wisdom's foundation and wise man's comfort
and to every hero blessing and hope[15]

—Stephen Pollington


The first word of this stanza, ōs (Latin 'mouth') is a homophone for Old English os, a particularly heathen word for 'god'. Due to this and the content of the stanzas, several scholars have posited that this poem is censored, having originally referred to Odin.[16] Kathleen Herbert comments that "Os was cognate with As in Norse, where it meant one of the Æsir, the chief family of gods. I


The poem Völuspá features Odin in a dialogue with an undead völva, who gives him wisdom from ages past and foretells the onset of Ragnarök, the destruction and rebirth of the world. Among the information the völva recounts is the story of the first human beings (Ask and Embla), found and given life by a trio of gods; Odin, Hœnir, and Lóðurr: In stanza 17 of the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá, the völva reciting the poem states that Hœnir, Lóðurr and Odin once found Ask and Embla on land. The völva says that the two were capable of very little, lacking in ørlög and says that they were given three gifts by the three gods:


Soul they had not, sense they had not,
Heat nor motion, nor goodly hue;
Soul gave Othin, sense gave Hönir,
Heat gave Lothur and goodly hue.

Henry Adams Bellows translation


The etymology of the word kop.


Etymology 1. kop, Danish, Etymology From Old Norse koppr, from Middle Low German kop. Noun kop c (singular definite koppen, plural indefinite kopper)


  1. A cup; A concave vessel for holding liquid, generally adorned with either a handle or a stem (confer goblet, glass.)... kop.


The etymology of the word stem.


  • Etymology 1. stem, English, Etymology From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz.
  • Noun stem (plural stems)

  1. The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors.
  2. A branch of a family. 
  • Etymology 2. stem, Dutch, Etymology From Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō. Under influence of Latin vox (“voice, word”), it acquired the now obsolete sense of "word."
  • Noun stem f (plural stemmen, diminutive stemmetje n)
  1. voice, sound made by the mouth using airflow
  2. the ability to speak
  3. vote
  4. (obsolete) word
  5. (phonetics) voice, property formed by vibration of the vocal cords


The etymology of the word Helios.


  • Etymology 1. Helios, Etymology From Ancient Greek Ἥλιος (Hḗlios), from ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”).
  • Proper noun, Helios
  1. (Greek mythology) The god of the Sun; son of Hyperion and Theia, brother of Selene and Eos, father of Phaeton amongst others. His Roman counterpart is Sol.
  • The etymology of the word Sol, See also: sol and Appendix:Variations of "sol."  
  1. Etymology 1. sol, Galician, Etymology From Old Galician and Old Portuguese sol, from Latin sōl (“sun”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥.
  • Noun sol m (plural soles)
  1. sun
  2. sunlight
  3. sunny side (of a place)
  4. daylight (time between sunrise and sunset)
  • The etymology of the word "side" 
  • Etymology 1. side, Etymology From Middle English side, from Old English sīde (“side, flank”), from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ (“side, flank, edge, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēy- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Siede (“side”), West Frisian side (“side”), Dutch zijde, zij (“side”), German Low German Sied (“side”), German Seite (“side”), Danish and Norwegian side (“side”), Swedish sida (“side”).


The etymology of the word sida or sidas. 

  • Etymology 1. Sida, Sida is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. They are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, especially in the Americas. Plants of the genus may be known generally as fanpetals or sidas.
  • The genus name Sida or Sidas is from the Greek for "pomegranate or water lily". Carl Linnaeus adopted the name from the writings of Theophrastus.  Theophrastus was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school. He came to Athens at a young age and initially studied in Plato's school. 


HERODOTUS-THE HISTORY. Pages 168: 92. (TRANSLATED BY DAVID GRENE)

  • "When the river is full and floods the plains, there grow in the water many lilies, which the Egyptians call lotus."



  • Etymology 2. side, Middle Irish Etymology From Old Irish síd, from Proto-Celtic *sedos, *sīdos (“mound (inhabited by fairies”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēds, *sed- (“seat”).
  • Noun side m
  1. fairy hill or mound
  • Derived terms: áes side (“people of the fairy mounds, supernatural beings, fairies”).  The áes side or  aos sí are later, literary versions of the Tuatha Dé Danann ("People of the Goddess Danu")—the deities and deified ancestors of Ireland.
  • Etymology 2. sol, Old French, Etymology From Latin solus, sola. 
  • Alternative forms: soul.
  • The etymology of the word soul, English, Etymology From Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”). Cognate with Scots saul, sowel (“soul”), North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”), Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”), West Frisian siel (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”) Scandinavian homonyms seem to have been borrowed from Old Saxon *siala. Modern Danish sjæl, Swedish själ, Norwegian sjel. Icelandic sál may have come from Old English sāwol.
  • Noun soul (countable and uncountable, plural souls)
  1. (religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality. Often believed to live on after the person's death. 
  2. The spirit or essence of anything. 
  3. Life, energy, vigor. 
  4. A person, especially as one among many. 
  5. An individual life.
  6. (mathematics) A kind of submanifold involved in the soul theorem of Riemannian geometry.
  • Etymology 3. sol, Lower Sorbian, Etymology From Proto-Slavic *solь, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.
  • Noun sol f
  1. salt (“sodium chloride”)
  2. Etymology 4. sol, French, Borrowed from Latin solum (“soil, ground, floor”).
  • Noun, sol m (plural sols)
  1. soil, earth
  2. ground
  3. floor


The etymology of the word sun.


  • Etymology 1. sun, English, Homophone: son.
  • The etymology of the word son, English, Etymology From Middle English sonn, sone, sun, sune, from Old English sunu (“son”), from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to bear; give birth”).
  • Noun, son (plural sons)
  1. One's male offspring.
  2. A male descendant. (The pharaohs were believed to be sons of the Sun).


Kopsidas is the son of the Sun and the son of the Demiurge (Aegis).


Anax Kopsidas traces his lineage back to the Aegialeians/Aegilians. The Aegilians are the people of Aegis.

The descendants of the Aegialians are the Celts, the non-Semitic Germans, non-Semitic Dutch, non-Semitic Danes, non-Semitic Swedish, and non-Semitic Irish, Scots and Welsh.  The aforementioned group can trace their linage back to the Aegialians.

  • Strabo, Geography 8. 7. 1 (trans. Jones) (Greek geographer C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :​ "[On the origins of two of the main Greek tribes--the Dorians and Ionians:] In antiquity this country [Akhaia (Achaea) in the Peloponessos] was under the mastery of the Ionians, who were sprung from the Athenians; and in antiquity it was called Aegialeia, and the inhabitants Aegialeians, but later it was called Ionia after the Ionians, just as Attika also was called Ionia after Ion the son of Xouthus (Xuthus). They say that Hellen was the son of Deukalion (Deucalion), and that he was lord of the people between the Peneios (Peneus) and the Asopos in the region of Phthia and gave over his rule to the eldest of his sons, but that he sent the rest of them to different places outside, each to seek a settlement for himself. One of these sons, Doros (Dorus), united the Dorians about Parnassos into one state, and at his death left them named after himself; another, Xouthos, who had married the daughter of Erekhtheus (Erechtheus), founded the Tetrapolis of Attika."


The Arcadians were firs known as Aegialian Pelasgians.

  • Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 4. 263 ff : "[In the earliest days of men:] Apidanean Arkadians (Arcadians) alone existed, Arkadians who lived even before the moon, it is said, eating acorns on the hills; nor at that time was the Pelasgian land ruled by the glorious sons of Deukalion (Deucalion)."


The etymology of the word kop,.

  • Etymology 1. kop, English, Etymology Afrikaans, Noun, kop (plural kops)

  1. (South Africa) A hill or mountain.


The words Aegean, Gaul (Gallia)l and Egypt (Αίγυπτος/Aígy-ptos) all derive from the word Aegis.


The etymology of the word Aegean,


  • Etymology 1. Aegean, English, Etymology, Latin aegaeus (from Ancient Greek Αἰγαῖος (Aigaîos, “Aegean”)) + English -an. The name is connected to αἶγες (aîges, “waves”).
  • Adjective, Aegean (not comparable)

  1. Of or relating to the Aegean Sea or the regions bordering it.


Aegialia also refers to a genus of aphodiine dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae.

In ancient Egypt Khepri is a scarab-faced god who represents the rising or morning sun. By extension, he can also represent creation and the renewal of life.

Khepri ḫprj is derived from the Egyptian language verb ḫpr, meaning "develop", "come into being", or "create".  The god was connected with the scarab beetle (ḫprr in Egyptian), because the scarab rolls balls of dung across the ground, an act that the Egyptians saw as a symbol of the forces that move the sun across the sky. Khepri was thus a solar deity. Young dung beetles, having been laid as eggs within the dung ball, emerge from it fully formed. Therefore, Khepri also represented creation and rebirth, and he was specifically connected with the rising sun and the creation of the world.

Khepri and another solar deity, Atum, were seen as aspects of sun god Ra: Khepri was the morning sun, Ra was the midday sun, and Atum was the sun in the evening.

Khepri (Aegialian) was principally depicted as a scarab beetle (Aegialia), though in some tomb paintings and funerary papyri he is represented as a man (Aegialian) with a scarab (Aegialia) as a head (kop), or as a scarab with a male human head (kop/Aegialian) emerging from the beetle's (Aegialia) shell. He is also depicted as a scarab in a solar barque held aloft by Nun. The scarab amulets that the Egyptians used as jewelry and as seals represent Khepri.


In Memphis, Nun was associated with the creator god, Ptah in the form of the composite deity Ptah-Nun. Both gods were described as the father of the sun god (Ra or Atum), However, rival priests claimed that Thebes was the place where the primeval mound (kop) first rose above the waters of Nun. As Amun was both the creator god of Thebes and a member of the Ogdoad they suggested that Nun had been a powerful, but inert force until Amun turned himself into the primeval mound (kop) and thereafter created the other gods. 

Khepri's symbols were the scarab beetle, i.e., , Aegialia, and the blue lotus (sidas).

In the ancient Egyptian religion, Nefertem was initially just the young Atum (his name means beautiful Atum, i.e., youthful Atum.

At the creation of the world, Nefertem had arisen from the primal waters of Nun, in the Ennead cosmogony.

The Benben was the mound (Kop) that arose from the primordial waters of Nun upon which the creator deity Atum settled in the creation story of the Heliopolitan form of the ancient Egyptian religion. The Benben stone (also known as a pyramidion) is the top stone of the pyramid. It is also related to the obelisk. 

Since Atum was a solar deity, Nefertum represented sunrise. Since Atum had arisen from the primal waters in the bud of an Egyptian blue water-lily (Sida), Nefertum (Kopsida) was associated with this flower. 

In art, Nefertem (Kopsida) is usually depicted as a beautiful young man having blue water-lily (Sida) (flowers around his head (Kop). There is a Head (Kop) of Nefertem (Sida) depicting Tutankhamun as a child. 

In much of the literature about ancient Egypt, it is called the "(blue) lotus."

Some of the titles of Nefertem (Kopsida) were "He Who is Beautiful" and "Water-Lily of the Sun," and a version of the Book of the Dead says:


  • "Rise like Nefertem from the blue water lily, to the nostrils of Ra, and come forth upon the horizon each day."


Nefertem was eventually seen as the son of the creator god Ptah.  Nefertem was, in the ancient Egyptian religion, a lotus (Kop Sida) flower at the creation of the world, who had arisen from the primal waters of Nun.  


Ptah (Aegis) is the demiurge of Memphis, the god of craftsmen, and architects. In the triad of Memphis, he is the husband of Sekhmet and the father of Nefertum.

Ptah is an Egyptian creator god who existed before all other things and, by his will, thought the world into existence. It was first conceived by Thought, and realized by the Word: Ptah conceives the world by the thought of his heart and gives life through the magic of his Word. That which Ptah commanded was created, with which the constituents of nature, fauna, and flora, are contained. He also plays a role in the preservation of the world and the permanence of the royal function. 


The Titans were the pre-Olympian gods of ancient Greece.  The Titanomachy "Titan battle" was a ten-year series of battles fought between the Titans (Aegilians), an older generation of gods fighting against the Olympians (Semites), the younger generation.


Helios, i.e., sun, became increasingly identified with other deities, often under Semitic influence. 


From the 5th century BCE, Apollo, originally a deity of radiant purity, was more and more interpreted as a sun god. 


The role of the Homers Iliad and priests was to homogenize society by changing the names of the Gods (elements and forces of nature) as the Semites started living ancient Greece, i.e., ancient Aegialia.


The Semites could then claim a lineage back to the gods in order to take over the sovereignty, although the sovereignty was taken by some kind of violence from the Aegialians. 


For example, Helios became Apollo, Oceanus/Phorkys became Poseidon, Ge became Demeter and Ouranos became Zeus.


  • Posthomeric poetry sheds a bright light on the contrast that the religion of the Greeks formed together with the Teucrian (Trojan) cults.  (Benloew, (Louis. The Truth About the Trojan War: The Semites of Ilion (Kindle Locations 259-260). Kindle Edition). 


The word Aphrodite is derived from Aegis (Aegean).  Hesiod derives Aphrodite from aphrós (ἀφρός) "sea-foam", interpreting the name as "risen from the foam",  The word Aphrodite is connected to αἶγες (aîges, “waves”). Sea-foam is created by the waves. 


Scholars in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, accepting Hesiod's "foam" etymology as genuine, analyzed the second part of Aphrodite's name as *-odítē "wanderer" or *-dítē "bright".


The etymology of the word seafoam.


  • Etymology 1. seafoam, English, Etymology From Middle English see fom, see fome, equivalent to sea +‎ foam.
  • Noun seafoam 
  1. A foam created by the agitation of seawater. 


HERODOTUS THE HISTORY. Page 195:131. Translate by David Grene.


  • "The following are the customs practiced by the Persians of which I have personal knowledge.  They are not want to establish images or temples or alters at all; indeed, they regard all who do so as fools, , and this, in my opinion, is because they do not believe in gods of human form, as the Greeks do.  They offer sacrifice to Zeus, going up to the highest mountains and calling the whole circle of the heavens Zeus.  They sacrifice, too, to the sun, moon and earth and to fire, water and winds.  These were the sole gods of their worship at the beginning, but they have learned besides to sacrifice to the  Heavenly Aphrodite.  Her worship has come to them from the Assyrians and the Arabians.  The Assyrians call Aphrodite Mylitta, the Arabians Alilat, and the Pesians Mitra.


The name "Jerusalem" is variously etymologized to mean "foundation (Sumerian yeru, 'settlement'/Semitic yry' 'to found, to lay a cornerstone') of the god Shalem"; the god Shalem was thus the original tutelary deity of the Bronze Age city.


Shalim is a god in the Canaanite religion pantheon, mentioned in inscriptions found in Ugarit (Ras Shamra) in Syria.  Shalim is identified as the god of dusk and Shahar as god of the dawn.  In the Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, Shalim is also identified as the deity representing Venus or the "Evening Star" and Shahar the "Morning Star".  His name derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root S-L-M.  The city of Jerusalem was named after him and the biblical King Solomon may also have been.


Venus is in the Greek language Aphrodite who is derived from Aegis.


The real Jerusalem is on the island of Ithaca which is called Lefkada/Lefkas/Leucas today.


The etymology of the word Jerusalem (Jeru+salem).


  • Etymology 1. Jerusalem, From Late Latin Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm).
  • The etymology of the word Hierosolyma, Alternative forms:

  1. Hierosolymae (-arum, f) (New Latin)
  2. Hierusalem (Late Latin)
  3. Jerusalem (n, indecl.)
  • The etymology of the word Hierosolyma From the Ancient Greek Ἱεροσόλυμα (Hierosóluma), from the Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎ (Yerushaláyim) (influenced by Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy”).
  • The etymology of the word holy, Middle English, Etymology From Old English hāliġ, from Proto-Germanic *hailagaz; equivalent to hool +‎ -y.  Noun, holy (plural holies)

  1. The state of being holy; holiness.
  2. One who is sanctified or made holy; a saint, hallow
  3. A sacred place; a sanctuary


The etymology of the word salem used to form the word Jeru+salem.


  • Etymology 1. salem, Latin Noun salem
  • accusative singular of sāl.
  • The etymology of the word sal. Portuguese, From Old Portuguese sal, from Latin sāl, salem (“salt, wit”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l- (“salt”). sal, als/ᾰ̔́λς/aegis.
  1. salt. Noun sal m (plural sais).
  2. salt (sodium chloride, a substance used as a condiment and preservative). Synonym: graça.
  • The etymology of graça, Portuguese, Noun, graça f (plural graças)

  1. grace (divine assistance).

  • The etymology of the word sais, See also: Sais. Latin, Etymology From Ancient Greek Σάϊς (Sáïs). Proper noun Sais f sg (genitive Sais); third declension
  1. Sais (ancient capital of Lower Egypt)


Salt is the beloved of the Gods


The Persians,  Assyrians, Trojans, Phoenicians, Ionians, Achaeans, and the Arabians are all Semites. 


The Semites were known as Atlanteans in more ancient times then Phoenicians, Trojans, and later Ionians and Achaeans, Semites, Israelites, Hebrews and Jews.


Two characters bore the Name Atlas. The first Atlas was a Titan who held up the celestial spheres on his shoulders. The second Atlas was the first King of Atlantis.


The illegitimate offspring of Neanderthals/Denisovans and the Aegialians took the name Atlantean.  They were named after the Atlas who holds up the celestial spheres.


The Neanderthals and Denisovans are descended from the orangutan whereas the Aegialians came from the sea (Aegis)


The Tuatha Dé Danann, meaning "the folk of the goddess Danu"), also known by the earlier name Tuath Dé ("tribe of the gods"), represent the main deities of pre-Christian Gaelic Ireland. The Tuatha Dé Danann constitute a pantheon whose attributes appeared in a number of forms throughout the Celtic world. The Tuath(a) Dé Danann is the Irish name for the Aegialians. 


The gods are the personified expression of the elements, phenomena, and forces of nature: fire, air, sun, moon, earth, water, dawn, and sky.  The gods are also the tribe of Aegis, i.e., the Aegialians.


To include the Semites into the Aegialian world and to give themselves a lineage, Semitic priests changed the names of the gods. The Semites introduced names like Aphrodite, and the priests incorporated these names into the myths of the ancient Aegialians in Aegialia and post-Homeric Greece.


The North Germanic peoples knew the Titans as the Æsir, and the Olympians as the Vanir 


The original inhabitants of Ithaca, i.e., Lefkada were Egilians (Aegialians from AigaleoAegaleo). 


The city of Athens and the Peloponnese were first known as Aegialia. 


  • There, just as the Egialians of Dyme, Egium and Helike did, they maintained intimate relationships with the islands of Zakynthos, Cephallenia and Ithaca, themselves inhabited by Egialians, that is by Ionians. These relationships could have well been continued by their descendants.​
  • (Benloew, Louis. The Truth About the Trojan War: The Semites of Ilion (Kindle Locations 460-462). Kindle Edition). 


The Aegialians were renamed Ionions when Ion, the son of Xuthus, took over our city which was named Athens by Erechtheus.  Xuthus was a son of Hellen and Orseis. Xuthus had two sons by Creusa (daughter of Erechtheus): Ion and Achaeus. Hellen was the son of Deucalion. 


Erechtheus was the name of an archaic king of Athens and, in his role as a god, attached to Poseidon, as "Poseidon Erechtheus."


Poseidon was the word used by the Semites to denote a god of the sea (Aegis), earthquakes, and horses. Erechtheus was a Semite making his two sons Ion and Achaeus Semitic.    


Achaeus was the founder of Acheaea.  The Achaeans derived their name from Achaeus.  They were a Semitic tribe living in Aegialia.


Cape Lefkas (Leukas) is situated at the most southern part of the Island Lefkada.  Cape Leukatas, a prominent white rock jutting out from Leukas into the sea and toward Cephalonia (Kefalonia).  This rock was called "Lefkatas" in ancient times, and is the "white rock" mentioned by Homer in the Odyssey.


  • πὰρ δ’ ἴσαν Ὠκεανοῦ τε ῥοὰς καὶ Λευκάδα πέτρην [224] ἠδὲ παρ’ Ἠελίοιο πύλας καὶ δῆμον ὀνείρων
  • And they passed by the streams of Okeanos and the White Rock [Leukàs pétrā] and past the Gates of the Sun and the District of Dreams. (Odyssey xxiv 11-12)


(For an etymology of the word Leukatas and Ithaca see the Kopsidas page).


​The goddess Athena was known as Neith in ancient Egypt and Brigid in ancient Ireland. The Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon, France, houses the Aegis of Neith, from the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt. The Aegis is carried by Athena (Neith/Brigid) and Zeus (Amun).


The word Athena was used by the Semites to represent Aegis


Brigid had two oxen, Fe, and Men, that graze on a plain named after them, Femen. Femen is in Aegialia.  Brigid is also known as Danu.  Danu is the mother goddess of the Tuatha Dé Danann (the Aegialians).

Where the current lighthouse is situated the shrine of Sun (Kopsidas/Helios/Nefertem) Leukatas once stood. 

In ancient tradition, people who wished to relieve themselves of love could do so by leaping into the sea from the Leucadian rock.


Cephalus (Kop) was the founding "head" of a great family that included Odysseus (Cephalus was an Aegialian). Cephalus also committed suicide by leaping into Okeanos from Cape Leucas (Lefkatas).


The etymology of the word Cephalus spelled cephalis.


  • Etymology 1. cephalis, Translingual Noun, cephalis
  1. Misspelling of cephalus (used as a specific epithet).
  • The etymology of the word cephalus, Latin, Etymology From the Ancient Greek κέφᾰλος (képhalos, “a species of mullet”).
  • The etymology of the word κέφᾰλος, Ancient Greek, Etymology From κεφαλή (kephalḗ).
  • Th etymology of the word κεφαλή (kephalḗ), Ancient Greek Etymology From Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-.
  • Noun, κεφᾰλή • (kephalḗ) f (genitive κεφᾰλῆς); first declension
  1. head
  2. a person's life (often in the sense of being in danger, similar to the English idiom "head is on the line").
  3. the top-most part
  4. the most important part
  5. (Byzantine) a provincial governor


The etymology of the word kop.


  • Etymology 1. kop, Afrikaans, Etymology From Dutch kop. Noun kop (plural koppe, diminutive koppie)
  1. head


Deucalion was so devoted to Pyrrha that, at her death, he needed to relieve his grief in this manner, by jumping off the cliffs of Lefkatas.


A similar story was told about Aphrodite grieving Adonis.  The word Aphrodite was used by the Semeites to denote the morning star.

Leaping off the rock and into Okeanos was repeated by Sappho, the great poetess, for her love of Phaon. It is the reason why the location was named "The jump of Sappho" and "Cape of the lady." 


  • where they say that Sappho was the first, hunting down the proud Phaon, to throw herself, in her goading desire, from the rock that shines from afar. But now, in accordance with your sacred utterance, lord king, let there be silence throughout the sacred precinct of the head-land of Leukas. (The Leukadia Menander F 258 K)


​​Phaon means 'bright.' Phaon himself was an old porthmeús 'ferryman' who was transformed into a beautiful youth by Aphrodite herself. Aphrodite fell in love with Phaon and hid him in a head of lettuce.

The ferryman brought the souls of the dead across the river Styx or the river Acheron to Hades.  

Queen Artemisia I, is reputed to have leaped off the white rock and into Okeanos out of love for one Dardanos.

The temple of Apollo Leukatas-Ithaca would have looked something like this.

​​


Phorkys was an ancient sea-god who presided over the hidden dangers of the deep. Phorkys was depicted in an ancient mosaic as a grey-haired, fish-tailed god, with spiky crab-like skin and crab-claw forelegs. His attribute was a torch. 


According to the Homeric poems, an old man ruling over the sea, or "the old man of the sea," to whom a harbour in Ithaca was dedicated. 


Homer, Odyssey 13. 345 ff : (Greek epic C8th B.C.)


  • "Here [on the island of Ithaka] is the harbour sacred to the old sea-god Phorkys (limen Phorkynos)."


Hesiod, Theogony 270 & 332 ff : 


  • "And to Phorkys Keto (Ceto) bore another unmanageable monster like nothing human nor like the immortal gods either, in a hollow cave. This was the divine and haughty Ekhidna (Echidna), and half of her is a Nymphe with a fair face and eyes glancing, but the other half is a monstrous snake . . . [and] Keto, joined in love with Phorkys, mothered the youngest of the deadly Drakones (Dragon-Serpents) . . . that one which guards the all-golden applies."​


Eumaeus meets Odysseus upon his return to Ithaca (Leucadia) after fighting in the Trojan War.  He has four dogs, 'savage as wild beasts,' who protect his pigs.  Although he does not recognise his old master — Odysseus is in disguise — and has his misgivings, Eumaeus treats Odysseus well, offering food and shelter to one whom he thinks is a mere indigent.  On being pushed to explain himself, Odysseus spins a distorted tale, misleading Eumaeus into believing that he is the son not of Laertes but Castor.

The swineherd (Eumaeus) refuses to accept the vow that Odysseus, whom he loves above all others (rendering him especially bitter towards the suitors), is finally on his way home. Having heard such assurances all too often, and been deceived by a prevaricator from Aetolia, Eumaeus has become inured to them. "Don't you try to gratify or soothe my heart with falsehoods," he cautions:

  • "It is not for that reason that I shall respect and entertain you, but because I fear Zeus, the patron of strangers, and pity you." 


God-fearing, suspicious, and scrupulous, Eumaeus delivers probably the oldest extant example of literary sarcasm when, after Odysseus offers a bargain entailing that he be thrown off a cliff (Lefkatas/Leukatas) should he lose, he answers:  


  • "That would be virtuous of me, my friend, and good reputation would be mine among men, for present time alike and hereafter, if first I led you into my shelter, there entertained you as guest, then murdered you and ravished the dear life from you. Then cheerfully I could go and pray to Zeus, son of Kronos" (XIV.402-6, translation Lattimore).



An earthquake severely damaged the temple of Apollo.


The temple of Apollo was built on the original site that was the Temple of the Sun.  

Scattered around the periphery of the site are the marble blocks that formed the temple of Apollo structure. 

To make way for the lighthouse marble blocks were thrown over the cliff and into the sea. 

Apollo is the Titan god Helios. Helios is the Egyptian God Nefertem, and Nerfetem is the Irish, Celtic, Druidic God, Bodb Derg, or Bodb Sída ar Femen ('of the Mound (Kop) on Femen'). Bodb Sida is Kop Sida.


Femen was a plain in Aegialia.  The original name of Athens and the Peloponnese was Aegialia


The etymology of the word mound, See also: Mound.


  • Etymology 1. mound, English, Etymology From earlier meaning "hedge, fence", from Middle English mound, mund (“protection, boundary, raised earthen rampart”), from Old English mund (“hand, hand of protection, protector, guardianship”), from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”), *munduz (“protection, patron”), from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂-nt-éh₂ (“the beckoning one”), from *men-, *man-, *mar- (“hand”). Cognate with Old Frisian mund (“guardianship”), Old High German munt (“hand, protection”) (German Mündel (“ward”), Vormund (“a guardian”)), Old Norse mund (“hand”) (Icelandic mund), Middle Dutch mond (“protection”), Latin manus (“hand”), Ancient Greek μάρη (márē, “hand”).
  • Noun, mound (plural mounds)
  1. An artificial hill or elevation of earth; a raised bank; an embankment thrown up for defense
  2. Synonyms: bulwark, rampart
  3. A natural elevation appearing as if thrown up artificially; a regular and isolated hill, hillock, or knoll.
  4. (baseball) Elevated area of dirt upon which the pitcher stands to pitch.
  5. A ball or globe forming part of the regalia of an emperor or other sovereign. It is encircled with bands, enriched with precious stones, and surmounted with a cross.
  • Synonyms: (part of regalia): globus cruciger, globe, orb.


The etymology of the word Mound.


  • Etymology 1. Mound, Luxembourgish, Etymology From a merger of Old High German māno, from Proto-Germanic *mēnô, and Old High German mānōd, from Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s. The two words were merged throughout Central Franconian (compare Mond (“moon; month”)). The distinction between Mound and Mount in current Luxembourgish spelling mirrors German Mond versus Monat. The plural Mounden is a neologism also based on German.
  • Noun, Mound m (plural Mounden)
  1. moon


From the Temple of Sun (Apollo/Helios/Kopsidas) located on the rock Leukatas, south of Lefkada, the full moon rose from the east as the sun was setting in the West, and The Eyes of Horus i.e., sun and moon were seen at the same time on Tuesday 3 September 1963 from 1800 hrs. 


Aegis Kopsidas, the son/sun of Aegis was born on the island of Lefkada, i.e., Ithaca, on Tuesday, 3 September 1963, at 1800 hrs.


The etymology of the word kop.


  • Etymology 1. kop, English, Etymology Afrikaans, Noun, kop (plural kops)
  1. (South Africa) A hill or mountain.


The etymology of the word hill.


  • Etymology 1. hill, English, Etymology From Middle English hill, from Old English hyll (“hill”), from Proto-Germanic *hulliz (“stone, rock”), from Proto-Indo-European *kolən-, *koləm- (“top, hill, rock”). Cognate with Middle Dutch hille, hulle (“hill”), Low German hull (“hill”), Old Norse hóll (“hill”), Latin collis (“hill”), Lithuanian kalnas, Albanian kallumë (“big pile, tall heap”), Russian холм (xolm, “hill”), Old English holm (“rising land, island”). More at holm.
  • Verb, hill (third-person singular simple present hills, present participle hilling, simple past and past participle hilled)
  1. To form into a heap or mound.
  • The etymology of the word holm, English, Etymology, Alteration of hollin. Noun holm (plural holms


  1. (obsolete outside dialects) The holly.
  • 1590, Edmund Spenser, chapter 1, in The Faerie Queen‎[1], page 1:
    The sailing pine; the cedar, proud and tall;
    The vine-prop elm; the poplar, never dry;
    The builder oak, sole king of forests all;
    The aspen, good for staves; the cypress, funeral;
    The laurel, meed of mighty conquerors
    And poets sage; the fir, that weepeth still;
    The willow, worn of forlorn paramours;
    The yew, obedient to the binder's will;
    The birch, for shafts; the sallow, for the mill;
    The myrrh, sweet bleeding in the bitter wound;
    The warlike beech; the ash, for nothing ill;
    The fruitful olive, and the plantane round;
    The carver holm; the maple, seldom inward sound.


Etymology of the word oak.


  • Etymology 1. oak, English, Etymology From Middle English ook, oke, aik, ake, from Old English āc (also as Old English ǣċ), from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).
  • Noun oak (countable and uncountable, plural oaks)
  1. (countable) A deciduous tree with distinctive deeply lobed leaves, acorns, and notably strong wood, typically of England and northeastern North America, included in genus Quercus. 
  2. (uncountable) The wood of the oak.
  3. A rich brown colour, like that of oak wood
  4. The she-oaks in Allocasuarina and Casuarina, of family Casuarinaceae
  5. Lagunaria, white oak, in family Malvaceae
  6. Various species called silky oak, in family Proteaceae
  7. Toxicodendron, poison oak, in family Anacardiaceae
  8. Various tanbark oak or stone oak species in family Fagaceae, genera Lithocarpus and Notholithocarpus.
  • Hypernyms: (oak tree): tree
  • Meronyms: (oak tree): acorn


Quercus ilex, the evergreen oak, holly oak or holm oak, is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It takes its name from holm, an ancient name for holly.  It is a member of the Cerris section of the genus,[4] with acorns that mature in a single summer.


HERODOTUS THE HISTORY. Page 630:39. Translate by David Grene.


  • "For eight days the two armies had lain opposite to one another when this man gave Mardonius this advice, Mardonius thought the counsel good, and at night fall he sent off his cavalry to those passes of Cithaeron that lead toward plataea, those that the Boeotians call the Three Heads and the Athenians (Aegialians) The Heads of Oak."


An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus (/ˈkwɜːrkəs/; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 600 extant species of oaks.


  • Etymology 2. holm, Etymology From Old Norse holmi, holmr (“islet”), from the Proto-Germanic *hulmaz, from Proto-Indo-European root *kelH- (“to rise, be elevated, be prominent; hill”). Cognate with Old English holm (“sea, ocean, wave”), Old Saxon holm, Old Danish hulm, Middle Low German holm, German Holm, Middle Dutch holm, Swedish holme,
  • Noun holm (plural holms)
  1. An island in a lake, river or estuary; an eyot.
  2. (dialect, chiefly West Yorkshire, Scotland, Orkney) Any small island, but especially one near a larger island or the mainland, sometimes with holly bushes; an islet. Often the word is used in Norse-influenced place-names. See also holme.
  3. Rich flat land near a river, prone to being completely flooded; a river-meadow; bottomland.
  • Etymology 3. holm, Dutch, Etymology Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“hill, rise”).
  • Noun, holm m (plural holmen, diminutive holmpje n)
  1. a small island.
  • Etymology 4. Old English, Etymology From Old Norse holmr. Cognate with Old Saxon holm (German Holm), Old Dutch holm (Dutch holm). The root is Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“hill, rise”), equivalent to Latin culmen (“peak”); compare culminate.
  • Noun, holm m (nominative plural holmas)
  1. (poetic) ocean, sea, waters
  2. Ða wæs heofonweardes gast ofer holm boren.
  3. The spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.


The etymology of the word cedar.


  • Etymology 1. cedar.
  • Pronunciation: (UK) IPA(key): /ˈsiː.də/. (US) enPR: sēʹdər, IPA(key): /ˈsi.dɚ/sida
  • cedar, English, Etymology From Middle English cedre, from Old French cedre, from Latin cedrus, from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros).
  • Noun, cedar (countable and uncountable, plural cedars)

  1. (countable) A coniferous tree of the genus Cedrus in the family Pinaceae.
  2. (countable) A coniferous tree of the family Cupressaceae, especially of the genera Juniperus, Cupressus, Calocedrus, or Thuja. 
  3. (countable) A flowering tree of the family Meliaceae, especially of the genera Cedrela or Toona.
  4. (uncountable) The aromatic wood from a Cedrus tree, or from any of several unrelated trees.
  • The etymology of the word cedars, English, Noun, cedars
  1. plural of cedar
  2. Anagrams:  sacred, Des Arc.
  • Etymology 2. cedar, Ido, Verb, cedar (present tense cedas, past tense cedis, future tense cedos, imperative cedez, conditional cedus). cedas, sidas.
  • to cede
  • Etymology 3. cedar, Serbo-Croatian, Noun, cȅdar m (Cyrillic spelling це̏дар)
  1. cedar (tree)
  • The etymology of the word cede, English, Etymology Borrowed from Middle French ceder, from Old French ceder, from Latin cēdō (“to yield”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyesdʰ- (“to drive away; to go away”).
  • Homophones: sede, seed


Anax Kopsidas is proposing to rebuild the temple of the Sun/Son on the original site of Lefkatas/Ithaca/Leucadia. 

The light house at Cape Lefkata/Ithaca where the Temple of Sun once stood

KOPSIDAS

the TEMPLE OF aegis LEFKATAS/ITHACA

Map of ancient Ithaca